United States et al. v. Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.; Proposed Final Judgment and Competitive Impact Statement

vices that primary ticketers provide include two major types of services: (1) ``back-end'' services and (2) distribution (``marketplace'') services. First, the primary ticketing back-end is a collection of software, technology, and/or platform services used by venues to manage the inventory of tickets, generate barcodes, control and manage the entry of ticket holders into the venue, report data related to the event, and perform other similar functions related to managing the event. Second, [[Page 41404]] the primary ticketing marketplace is a technology or distribution platform for making the initial distribution of tickets to the consumers who purchase them from the primary ticketers. After the initial sale of a ticket from a primary ticketer to a consumer (including fans, brokers, and other stakeholders), the purchaser typically can sell their tickets through secondary ticketing platforms. Artists and promoters generally do not receive revenue from secondary ticketing sales. C. The Competitive Effects of the Conduct Defendants' conduct had anticompetitive effects in the markets alleged in the Complaint. Defendants' anticompetitive acts distorted the competitive process, impeded competitors, deterred entry, reduced customer choice, increased prices, and reduced output. For example, Defendants' exclusive ticketing agreements limited venues', artists', and fans' options with res